Double crochet (US terms) is a tall, common crochet stitch: yarn over, insert the hook, pull up a loop, then yarn over and pull through two loops twice. It works up quickly and makes a soft, open fabric great for blankets and garments.
Double crochet is roughly twice the height of single crochet, so projects grow fast. It's the backbone of granny squares and most crochet blankets. In UK terms this stitch is called 'treble crochet.'